The new performance mandate in applied research and development is conditional, among other things, on the availability of mid-level faculty and the provision of sufficient funding for research and research personnel. It is not only within their own sphere that the universities of applied science have to identify interdependent positions and enter into new alliances. While needing to set themselves apart, they now also have to cooperate with other universities and the Federal Institutes of Technology, which have long been fulfilling a research mandate.