PORTEFEUILLE

Rasmussen Encephalitis (RE) is a rare but often devastating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically starts in young children. The disease is characterized by epileptic seizures that are refractory to antiepileptic drugs and patients frequently develop an intellectual decline, loss of speech and finally hemiparesis. Currently there is no pharmacological curative treatment available and surgical resection of the affected hemisphere is frequently necessary to control seizures and halt neurological decline.

The exact cause of RE is still poorly understood but several lines of evidence suggest that cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) attacking neurons are crucially involved in the pathogenesis.

Our project shed novel insights into the involved molecular mechanisms that drive neuronal alterations in RE and its related animal model.

For this project, we used a well-defined in vivo experimental model system that recreates key histopathological hallmarks observed in human RE patients. Thereby we could profile the translatome (e.g. the translated messenger RNA) in neurons that are exposed to a CTL attack. In addition, we applied a technology of multiplexed immunohistochemical stainings in experimental model system and human RE biopsies. This approach allowed us to elucidate neuronal-induced signaling pathway in spatial association with inflammatory infiltrates of the inflamed CNS. Furthermore, computer-assisted image analyses were equally applied on human cases of RE brain specimens. By this approach we could validate our experimental findings in the human disease condition. Our study provided novel insights into the fairly understood molecular underpinnings of RE and opens the basic for potentially promising new therapeutic approaches that could be of benefit for RE patients.

We have dissected in detail the involved signaling pathways that are induced in neurons following an attacked by cytotoxic lymphocytes. Molecular pathway analysis showed the contribution of different signaling pathways acting in neurons during disease manifestation. We further tested the functional implication of identified pathways for disease manifestation using gene-targeted knock out approaches. Our study identified the neuronal-induced genes that are key for neuronal degeneration and disease manifestation, that could also be successfully blocked by pharmacological interventions in vivo. The identified pathways could serve also as potentially suitable therapeutic targets for therapeutic interventions in RE patients.

In parallel to the experimental model system, we perform multiplex in situ analysis that takes into consideration the spatial association of different cell subsets and activated molecular pathways on human brain biopsies from RE patients. With this approach, we visualized key signaling events that are induced in human neurons. These analyses further allowed us to corroborate key activated pathways obtained in the experimental system and showed good correlation with neuronal alterations and clinical manifestations. Altogether, these results helped us to identify in situ biomarkers that could also serve to improve diagnostic precision and may be useful for therapeutic decisions in RE patient.

Di Liberto G, Pantelyushin S, Kreutzfeldt M, Page N, Musardo S, Coras R, Steinbach K, Vincenti I, Klimek B, Lingner T, Salinas G, Lin-Marq N, Staszewski O, Costa Jordão MJ, Wagner I, Egervari K, Mack M, Bellone C, Blümcke I, Prinz M, Pinschewer DD, Merkler D. Cell. 2018 Oct 4;175(2):458-471.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.049. Epub 2018 Aug 30.

Aus Publikation resultierende Medienberichte:
Neurons Can Turn Against Themselves, Technology Networks, 31 Aguust 2018
When neurons turn against themselves, ScienceDaily, 30 August 2018
When neurons turn against themselves, Medicalxpress, 30 August 2018
When Neurons Turn Against Themselves, NeuroscienceNews.com, 31 August 2018